Provided by Parkinson & Movement Disorder Alliance

The effects of L-dopa/carbidopa begin to fluctuate over time in people with Parkinson’s disease, leading to so-called OFF episodes that interfere with quality of life. This session discusses the on-demand therapies that can help provide relief for OFF episodes and how/when to use them. Emphasis is placed on results of clinical trials that document timing and optimal use of these medications.

Estimated time to complete activity: 30 minutes

Accreditation Statement

In support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by PMD Alliance.  PMD Alliance is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Credit Designation

Physician Continuing Medical Education

PMD Alliance designates this course for a maximum of .5 AMA PRA Category 1.0 Credit(s)™.  

Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Target Audience

This course is for movement disorder specialists, neurologists, advanced practice providers, and other healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with a movement or related disorder.

Educational Objectives

After completing this activity, the participant should be better able to:

• Describe the prevalence, patterns, and clinical impact of OFF episodes in Parkinson’s disease, including factors that affect the timing and effectiveness of oral levodopa therapy
• Compare and contrast the pharmacokinetic properties, mechanisms of action, and clinical efficacy of available on-demand therapies used for the acute management of OFF episodes
• Develop individualized treatment strategies that incorporate on-demand therapies into the broader Parkinson’s disease management paradigm

Faculty

Cheryl Kyinn, PA-C
HOAG Neurosciences

Cheryl E. Kyinn is a certified physician assistant specializing in neurology. She earned her B.A. in English from the University of California, Irvine, in 2006, followed by an M.S. in Physician Assistant Studies from Western University of Health Sciences in 2010. During her clinical rotations, Cheryl discovered a passion for neurology and has focused her career in this field ever since.

Cheryl is deeply committed to patient advocacy and education, striving to empower her patients with a clear understanding of their diagnoses and treatments. She began her career at the Orange County Neurology and Pain Specialty Clinic, where she focused on movement disorders and migraines. In 2012, she relocated to San Diego to join SENTA Clinic, expanding her expertise to include oto-neurology and gait and balance disorders. Since 2016, Cheryl has been practicing at HOAG Neurosciences, specializing in movement disorders. Additionally, she shares her knowledge as a part-time professor at Chapman University.

Outside of her medical practice, Cheryl enjoys running, exploring global cuisines, and traveling the world.

Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships

Parkinson and Movement Disorder Alliance (PMD Alliance) requires faculty, planners, and others in control of educational content to disclose all their financial relationships with ineligible companies.  PMD Alliance is committed to providing its learners with high quality accredited continuing education activities and related materials that promote improvements or quality in healthcare and not a specific proprietary business interest of an ineligible company.

Faculty reported the following relevant financial relationships with ineligible entities related to the educational content of this CME activity:

• Stuart H. Isaacson, MD
• Speakers’ Bureau, consultant, and/or advisory board member for Acadia, AbbVie, Amneal, and Supernus

Planners reported the following relevant financial relationships with ineligible entities related to the educational content of this CME activity:

• Leslie Cloud, MD
• Site investigator for research supported by Amneal and Intracellular Therapies
• Speakers’ Bureau, consultant, and/or advisory board member for Amneal

• Britt Stone, MD
• Speakers’ Bureau, consultant, and/or advisory board member for Boston Scientific

• Jason Rivera, MPH
• No disclosures to report

• Clarisse Goas, NP
• Principal or site investigator for research supported by AskBio
• Speakers’ Bureau, consultant, and/or advisory board member for Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America

• Anissa Mitchel, LCSW
• No disclosures to report

• Kelly Papesh, DNP
• Speakers’ Bureau, consultant, and/or advisory board member for Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America

• Mary Ann Chapman, PhD
• Consultant for Allergan Aesthetics

• Fernando Pagan, MD
• Site investigator for research supported by Amneal and Kyowa Kirin
• Other grant support from Medtronic
• Speakers’ Bureau, consultant, and/or advisory board member for AbbVie, Acadia, Amneal, Acorda, Kyowa Kirin, Teva, Supernus, Merz, and Neurocrine

• Yasar Torres-Yaghi, MD
• No disclosures to report

PMD Alliance has received non-CME educational funding and support from ineligible companies.  This support is not tied to continuing medical education.  These relationships have been mitigated and do not influence CME content.

All identified relevant financial relationships are thoroughly vetted and mitigated according to PMD Alliance CME Program standard operating procedures. 

Disclosure of Unlabeled Use

This educational activity may contain discussion of published and/or investigational uses of agents that are not indicated by the FDA.  The planners of this activity do not recommend the use of any agent outside of the labeled indications.  The opinions expressed in the educational activity are those of the faculty and do not necessarily represent the views of the planners.  Please refer to the official prescribing information for each product for discussion of approved indications, contraindications, and warnings.

Commercial Support

This activity is supported by independent medical education grants from Merz, AbbVie, Kyowa Kirin, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America.

Disclaimer

Participants have an implied responsibility to use the newly acquired information to enhance patient outcomes and their own professional development.  The information presented in this activity is not meant to serve as a guideline for patient management.  Any procedures, medications, or other courses of diagnosis or treatment discussed or suggested in this activity should not be used by clinicians without evaluation of their patient's conditions and possible contraindications and/or dangers in use, review of any applicable manufacturer's product information, and comparison with recommendations of other authorities.

Request for Credit

In order to obtain your CME certificate, please follow the directions provided at the conclusion of the course.  

If you have questions regarding the certification of this activity, please contact PMD Alliance at education@pmdalliance.org